什么是代理服务器
代理服务器,客户机在发送请求时,不会直接发送给目的主机,而是先发送给代理服务器,代理服务接受客户机请求之后,再向主机发出,并接收目的主机返回的数据,存放在代理服务器的硬盘中,再发送给客户机。
为什么要使用代理服务器
1)提高访问速度
由于目标主机返回的数据会存放在代理服务器的硬盘中,因此下一次客户再访问相同的站点数据时,会直接从代理服务器的硬盘中读取,起到了缓存的作用,尤其对于热门站点能明显提高请求速度。
2)防火墙作用
由于所有的客户机请求都必须通过代理服务器访问远程站点,因此可在代理服务器上设限,过滤某些不安全信息。
3)通过代理服务器访问不能访问的目标站点
互联网上有许多开发的代理服务器,客户机在访问受限时,可通过不受限的代理服务器访问目标站点,通俗说,我们使用的翻墙浏览器就是利用了代理服务器,虽然不能出国,但也可直接访问外网。
反向代理 VS 正向代理
1、什么是正向代理?什么是反向代理?
正向代理,架设在客户机与目标主机之间,只用于代理内部网络对Internet的连接请求,客户机必须指定代理服务器,并将本来要直接发送到Web服务器上的http请求发送到代理服务器中。
反向代理服务器架设在服务器端,通过缓冲经常被请求的页面来缓解服务器的工作量,将客户机请求转发给内部网络上的目标服务器;并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给Internet上请求连接的客户端,此时代理服务器与目标主机一起对外表现为一个服务器。
2、反向代理有哪些主要应用?
现在许多大型web网站都用到反向代理。除了可以防止外网对内网服务器的恶性攻击、缓存以减少服务器的压力和访问安全控制之外,还可以进行负载均衡,将用户请求分配给多个服务器。
作为前端开发,每次调试接口,把代码发到测试服务器,是很费时费事的一件事情。
为了提高效率,想到了nginx反向代理来解决这一问题。
接口地址:
test.com
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访问地址:
localhost
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最核心的问题就是,登录时,无法写入cookie的问题,为了解决这个问题,走了不少弯路。
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 10;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location =/ {
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
root D:/workspace/;
index index.html;
}
location ~* .(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css|swf|woff|woff2|ttf|json|svg|cur|vue|otf|eot)$ {
charset utf-8;
root D:/workspace/;
expires 3d;
}
location = /socket/v2 {
proxy_pass http://test.com;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host test.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://test.com;
proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;
proxy_cookie_domain test.com localhost;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host test.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
}
}
}
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核心代码在三行代码上:

具体解释我也是一知半解:
- 第一个是携带cookie,
- 第二个设置cookie 的 domain
- 第三个 设置真实的host
重要提示:以上3个的顺序不要颠倒,否则代理失败,我也不知道为什么。
如何在手机上调试呢?
手机上不可能直接访问localhost,可以把手机和电脑连接到同一个网段,使用电脑的ip进行访问。
但是这里只代理了localhost,并没有代理电脑的ip
所以,需要把是上面的server{...}拷贝一份,只需要把里面的localhost全部改成你的电脑ip就可以了,最终代码:
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 10;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location =/ {
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
root D:/workspace/;
index index.html;
}
location ~* .(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css|swf|woff|woff2|ttf|json|svg|cur|vue|otf|eot)$ {
charset utf-8;
root D:/workspace/;
expires 3d;
}
location = /socket/v2 {
proxy_pass http://test.com;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host test.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://test.com;
proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;
proxy_cookie_domain test.com localhost;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host test.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
}
}
server {
listen 8080;
server_name xx.xx.xx.xx;
location =/ {
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
root D:/workspace/;
index index.html;
}
location ~* .(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css|swf|woff|woff2|ttf|json|svg|cur|vue|otf|eot)$ {
charset utf-8;
root D:/workspace/;
expires 3d;
}
location = /socket/v2 {
proxy_pass http://test.com;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host test.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://test.com;
proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;
proxy_cookie_domain test.com xx.xx.xx.xx;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host test.com;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
}
}
}
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访问方法:http://xx.xx.xx.xx:8080 即可
如果是打包工具生成增这个配置的话,可以用nodejs动态获取你电脑的ip
function getIPAdress() {
var interfaces = require('os').networkInterfaces();
for (var devName in interfaces) {
var iface = interfaces[devName];
for (var i = 0; i < iface.length; i++) {
var alias = iface[i];
if (alias.family === 'IPv4' && alias.address !== '127.0.0.1' && !alias.internal) {
return alias.address;
}
}
}
}
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所以,这里贴出来一个动态生成nginx.config的工具
function buildNginxConfig(config) {
function getIPAdress() {
var interfaces = require('os').networkInterfaces();
for (var devName in interfaces) {
var iface = interfaces[devName];
for (var i = 0; i < iface.length; i++) {
var alias = iface[i];
if (alias.family === 'IPv4' && alias.address !== '127.0.0.1' && !alias.internal) {
return alias.address;
}
}
}
}
var cwd = process.cwd().replace(/\/g, '/') + '/app';
var protocol = /https|443/.test(config.ip) ? 'https' : 'http';
var servers = [{
browserIp: 'localhost',
port: 80,
root: cwd,
serverIp: config.ip,
protocol: protocol,
}, {
browserIp: getIPAdress(),
port: 8080,
root: cwd,
serverIp: config.ip,
protocol: protocol,
}].map(function(item) {
return `
server {
listen ${item.port};
server_name ${item.browserIp};
location =/ {
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
root ${item.root};
index index.html;
}
location ~* \.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css|swf|woff|woff2|ttf|json|svg|cur|vue|otf|eot)$ {
charset utf-8;
root ${item.root};
expires 3d;
}
location = /socket/v2 {
proxy_pass ${item.protocol}://${item.serverIp};
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_set_header Host ${item.serverIp};
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 30;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
}
location / {
proxy_pass ${item.protocol}://${item.serverIp};
proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;
proxy_cookie_domain ${item.serverIp} ${item.browserIp};
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host ${item.serverIp};
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
}
}`;
}).join('
');
var str = `worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 10;
${servers}
}`;
return str;
}
exports = module.exports = buildNginxConfig;
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有了这个万能反向代理,可以随心所欲的玩转任何网站接口了。